Bio-stone, commonly known as volcanic rock, pumice, or porous basalt, is a functional and environmentally friendly material. It is a very precious porous stone formed by volcanic glass, minerals, and bubbles after a volcanic eruption. Volcanic rock contains dozens of minerals and trace elements such as sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. It is radiation-free and has far-infrared magnetic waves. After the merciless volcanic eruption, tens of thousands of years later, humans are increasingly discovering its preciousness. It plays an irreplaceable role in filter media, landscape gardening, soilless cultivation, aquarium ornaments, and various industries!

Physical characteristics of biological filter media:

1. Appearance: Non-sharp granular shape, low water flow resistance, not easy to clog, uniform water and air distribution; rough surface, fast film hanging speed, biofilm is not easy to fall off during backwashing.

2. Porosity: Volcanic rock is naturally honeycomb porous, which is the best growth environment for bacterial flocs.

3. Mechanical strength: The national quality inspection department is 5.08Mpa, and practice has proved that it can withstand different intensities of hydraulic shear, and its service life is much longer than other filter media.

4. PH value is around 6.5, neutral and slightly acidic

The role of volcanic rock

1: Activate water. 2: Stabilize water quality. 3: Induce color. 4: Adsorption. 5: Plaything. 6: Promote metabolism. 7: Optimize growth. 8: Cultivation of nitrifying bacteria. 9: Substrate material for aquatic plant growth

It is made by processing wood after calcination. Its biggest feature is that it can adsorb active substances in water and can be used as filter media for the middle layer. Activated carbon is the most commonly used chemical filter media. It is burned twice and treated with phosphoric acid to increase the number of micropores, thereby increasing the surface area for absorbing impurities. As a result, its surface area is huge, 90-1000 square meters/gram, and the pore size can reach 100-1000?. It has the function of removing yellow substances and odors from water, and it can also neutralize acids and bases, making the pH value tend to be neutral. Especially after using drugs to treat fish diseases in an aquarium, using activated carbon to filter the water in the aquarium can adsorb residual drugs. However, sometimes its effectiveness is also limited, and it must be replaced regularly according to the "loading capacity". If it is not replaced after the expiration date, it will not only fail to adsorb, but will also be harmful. Qualified activated carbon can be used for 3-6 months in moderately polluted aquariums. The amount of activated carbon used should be determined according to the specifications of the fish pond, water capacity, and adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Because the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon is very high, if it is placed in the filter tank for a long time, after decolorization and deodorization, it will adsorb beneficial substances in the water, so it should be removed in time when the water is clear and odorless, washed clean with salt water, and exposed to the sun for disinfection, and used next time. Before applying drugs, activated carbon should also be removed, otherwise the active substances of the drugs will be quickly adsorbed. Newly purchased activated carbon should be rinsed several times with clean water to prevent carbon powder from making the aquarium water turbid, and then put the activated carbon into a sieve bag and hang it in the fish pond filter tank. In a short time, the yellow color of the water will be significantly lightened. As a chemical filter media, activated carbon is usually used with bio-cotton. Placing bio-cotton above activated carbon can prevent large particles of impurities in the water from being adsorbed on activated carbon, affecting the chemical adsorption reaction. The adsorption efficiency of activated carbon made of different materials and different processes varies. Activated carbon made of coconut shell has the best performance, followed by animal bones.

They are biological filter balls with a mesh structure made of high-grade water-immersible non-toxic plastic. The diameter of the filter balls is 2-5 cm, with a multi-slice structure and many pores inside, possessing a huge surface area. The mesh structure is set for the adsorption of nitrifying bacteria, which is extremely beneficial to the convection exchange of oxygen in the oxidation process, and provides a huge biochemical surface area for the reproduction and growth of nitrifying bacteria. Bio-balls are especially suitable for use in trickle filters. Because of their large pore size, they do not resist water flow, so they never need to be cleaned. Because the strength of bio-balls is used in trickle flow, the surface of bio-balls has a strong water guiding function, which will combine each drop of water and air well and distribute it to other bio-balls around it, and form a biofilm on the surface. Only in the trickle environment can its function be truly exerted. However, if the bio-balls are directly soaked in water, it is equivalent to wasting its surface guiding function. At the same time, the effective area of bio-balls is far less than that of glass rings, so the effect is not good and it is wasteful.

It is an artificially produced filter media, tubular in shape, with micropores, suitable for use as a middle layer material. Its characteristic is that it can change the direction of water flow and make the water flow diverge. In the micropores of the ceramic rings, a large number of anaerobic bacteria and other biochemical bacteria can be dissolved. It is a cylindrical hollow ring made of natural silicate at high temperature. The surface is rough and densely covered with pore structures suitable for the adhesion of nitrifying bacteria and other microorganisms. The hollow cylindrical structure can make the water flow through the cylindrical cavity, forming a vortex, which breaks down large particles of pollutants into debris, making it easier for nitrifying bacteria to oxidize and decompose. The inner pore diameter is between 60-300um, which is extremely suitable for the growth and reproduction of nitrifying bacteria. This filter media has a strong adsorption capacity for microorganisms, proteins, ammonia, and metal elements in water. It does not have drug resistance, and the effective use period should not be too long. If used with physical filter media, the service life can be extended. It is suitable for submerged filters, cylindrical external filters, and upper filters.

The most cost-effective filter media, generally made of talc powder, porous, large surface area, suitable for a large number of nitrifying bacteria to live, is an indispensable filter media for fish farming. Because it is used for cultivating bacteria, it does not need to be replaced frequently. Basically, it does not need to be taken care of after being put down. If the pores are severely blocked after a long time, it can be cleaned with clean water and then reused. Of course, if conditions permit, it is best to replace it every six months, replacing half of the total amount each time, leaving half of the old rings and adding half of the new rings.

The strength of hexagonal glass rings is that they are directly soaked in water, and the effective area is much larger than that of bio-balls, which can provide a large number of residences for nitrifying bacteria. However, if glass rings are used for trickle flow, many glass rings will be difficult to be watered, and the surface of glass rings does not have a strong guiding function, so the effect cannot be fully exerted.

Remember to thoroughly clean new rings with clean water, and preferably soak them in boiling water for 10 minutes.

Coral sand consists of fragments of coral or shells, and has the characteristic of continuously releasing calcium carbonate. The particle size varies, and there are many different specifications. Because seashells contain alkaline substances, the pH value after filtration is generally 7.0～8.5. The continuously released calcium and magnesium ions provide higher hardness and stable acidity for marine life, making it suitable for use in seawater filtration systems for raising marine fish. It needs to be replaced after 8-16 months of use. Due to its rich porous structure, it can also be used as a carrier for biological filtration systems, cultivating a large number of nitrifying bacteria. As a natural marine filter material, its biggest feature is its abundant micropores, suitable for the survival of a large number of biochemical bacteria, and can be used as a filter material for the lower (inner) layer.

Oyster shells contain a group of trace elements naturally generated in seawater, with abundant zinc and iodine, various amino acids, and vitamins A, B1, Bz, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, phosphorus, and other trace elements. Using pure natural bioactive calcium as the main ingredient, supplemented with trace elements and special growth-promoting factors necessary for the growth of fish, shrimp, and crabs. Because oysters are marine organisms, oyster shells have a strong affinity for fish, shrimp, and crabs. Further processed into seawater trace element additives, it can not only effectively increase the calcium and trace elements in the water, but also when used in koi ponds, it can promote the absorption of calcium by koi, while also having good appetite-stimulating and detoxification functions. The effect is obvious in freshwater aquaculture of koi ponds, and it is the best raw material for improving and maintaining water quality and algae growth, and has been widely accepted.