Essential Considerations for Wastewater Treatment Technology Selection-Hezhong Environment (Beijing) Co., Ltd. was established in 2003

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Essential Considerations for Wastewater Treatment Technology Selection

Published Time:

2023-10-07

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Wastewater treatment requires different technologies depending on the type of wastewater and the difficulty of treatment.

1. Wastewater Quality

Domestic wastewater usually has stable quality. Common treatment methods include acidification, aerobic biological treatment, and disinfection. Industrial wastewater requires process selection based on specific water quality. For aerobic biological treatment, the biodegradability of wastewater is crucial, typically requiring a COD/BOD ratio of 0.3. If this is not met, anaerobic biological hydrolysis acidification may be considered to improve biodegradability, or physical or chemical non-biological methods.

2. Wastewater Treatment Level

This is a primary basis for selecting wastewater treatment processes. The treatment level depends on water quality, discharge destination, and the self-purification capacity of the receiving water body. However, it mainly follows national laws, regulations, and technical policies. Environmental authorities usually control discharge concentrations based on the "Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard" and related industry standards. Some economically developed regions have stricter local standards. Therefore, regardless of the wastewater type or treatment process, the effluent must meet the standards.

3. Construction and Operation Costs

Construction and operation costs should be considered, with the premise of meeting water quality standards. Processes with lower costs should be prioritized. Reducing land use also lowers construction costs.

4. Construction Difficulty

Construction difficulty influences process selection. Areas with high groundwater levels or poor geological conditions are unsuitable for deep, complex treatment structures.

5. Local Natural and Social Conditions

Local topography, climate, and other natural conditions affect process selection. In cold climates, processes that operate normally in low temperatures and ensure effluent quality are needed. Social conditions such as raw materials, water resources, and electricity supply are also factors.

6. Wastewater Quantity

Besides water quality, wastewater quantity is a factor. For wastewater with large variations in quantity and quality, processes with strong shock load resistance should be considered, or buffer equipment like equalization tanks to minimize adverse effects.

7. Secondary Pollution

Wastewater treatment should avoid secondary pollution. For example, pharmaceutical wastewater containing organic substances (benzene, toluene, bromine, etc.) may release organic gases during aeration, affecting the atmosphere; chemical fertilizer plant wastewater, after sedimentation and cooling, may contain cyanide in cooling tower exhaust; pesticide wastewater treatment using alkaline degradation may produce polluted sludge; and sludge disposal is a key consideration in dyeing wastewater treatment. In summary, wastewater treatment process selection requires comprehensive consideration and technical-economic comparison of various options.