I. Project Initiation and Basic Planning

In this phase, the client provides process conditions and requirements, and the design unit formulates the overall framework based on this, clarifying the general direction of production capacity, product solutions, and process routes. The process specialty takes the lead in refining the process route, material balance, and heat balance, and provides a process flow diagram (PFD). At the same time, based on the process requirements and site conditions, the general plan specialty carries out the overall plant layout planning, determines the approximate locations of various production units, auxiliary facilities, and office areas, and forms a preliminary general layout plan.

II. Coordination among Various Disciplines

1. Process Specialty: Based on the process flow diagram, further deepen the design and complete the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID). Detailed annotations include pipe specifications, pipe grades, valve positions and types, instruments and control points, etc. Conduct detailed material and heat balances to provide a basis for equipment and instrument selection. At this time, the equipment and instrument specification tables can be submitted, and the equipment design specialty and instrument specialty can be contacted for subsequent work; some standard equipment such as pumps, centrifuges, and blowers can have their specifications directly submitted for procurement quotation comparison, and then the parameters and drawings are returned to the process professionals for final determination. At the same time, equipment layout drawings should be drawn according to the area planned by the general plan specialty and submitted to the civil engineering specialty for relevant design.

Relevant Standards:

• HG/T20519-2009 "Unified Provisions on Content and Depth of Chemical Process Design and Construction Drawings"

• HG/T20546-2009 "Regulations on Chemical Equipment Layout Design"

• HG/T20570-1995(2009) "Regulations on Process System Engineering Technical Design"

   

2. Equipment Specialty: For non-standard equipment such as towers, kettles, and tanks, the equipment specialty designs the equipment in detail based on the specifications provided by the process specialty. This includes equipment strength calculations, structural design, part drawings, assembly drawings, etc. If there are unreasonable process conditions, communication and adjustments should be made with the process specialty. Complete equipment drawings are provided for other related specialties to review, exchange, and communicate.

Relevant Standards:

• GB/T150.1~4-2024 "Pressure Vessels"

• HG/T21514~21535-2014 "Steel Manholes and Handholes"

• HG/T20580-2020 "Basic Code for Design of Steel Chemical Vessels"

• HG/T20581-2020 "Code for Material Selection of Steel Chemical Vessels"

• HG/T20582-2020 "Code for Strength Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessels"

• HG/T20583-2020 "Code for Structural Design of Steel Chemical Vessels"

• HG/T20584-2020 "Code for Manufacturing Technology of Steel Chemical Vessels"

• HG/T20585-2020 "Technical Code for Steel Low-Temperature Pressure Vessels"

• HG 20652-1998(2009) "Technical Regulations for Tower Design"

• NB/T47041-2014 "Tower Vessels"

• NB/T47020~47027-2012 "Pressure Vessel Flanges, Gaskets, and Fasteners"

• NB/T47065-2018 "Vessel Supports"

   

3. Civil Engineering Specialty: Combining the layout drawings provided by the process specialty and the equipment drawings provided by the equipment specialty to calculate the load, design the plant structure, equipment foundation, etc. It is also necessary to maintain communication with the process and equipment specialties to ensure that the internal space of the building meets the needs of production operations and equipment installation and maintenance. Complete civil engineering drawings are provided for other related specialties to review, exchange, and communicate.

Relevant Standards:

• GB 50010-2010 "Code for Design of Concrete Structures"

• GB/T 706-2016 "Hot-Rolled Steel Sections"

• GB/T11263-2017 "Hot-Rolled H-Sections and Some T-Sections"

4. Piping Specialty: Piping work is carried out according to civil engineering drawings, equipment layout drawings, and equipment drawings. Combine process operation and maintenance requirements to plan the pipeline route. In the process, it is necessary to avoid pipeline intersection collisions, conduct pipeline stress analysis, etc. In addition, it is necessary to communicate with the electrical and instrumentation specialties to reserve space for cables and instrument cable trays, and provide the civil engineering specialty with pipeline support load conditions and requirements for wall and floor penetrations. Complete piping layout drawings are provided for other specialties to review, exchange, and communicate. The piping specialty also needs to determine the nozzle orientation of the equipment and return it to the equipment specialty.

Relevant Standards:

• HG/T20519-2009 "Unified Provisions on Content and Depth of Chemical Process Design and Construction Drawings"

• GB 50316-2008 "Code for Design of Industrial Metal Pipelines"

• HG/T20549-1998 "Regulations on Chemical Equipment Pipeline Layout Design"

• HG/T20592~20635-2009 "Steel Pipe Flanges, Gaskets, and Fasteners"

• NB/T47020~47027-2012 "Pressure Vessel Flanges, Gaskets, and Fasteners"

• GB/T12459-2017 "Steel Butt-Welded Fittings Types and Parameters"

• JB/T308-2004 "Valve Model Numbering Method"

• HG/T21629-2021 "Standard Drawings for Pipe Supports"

   

5. Electrical and Instrumentation Specialty: Based on the equipment list and production operation requirements, the electrical specialty calculates the power load, selects and lays out cables, and designs a lightning protection grounding system. Based on the process control requirements and P&ID diagram, the instrumentation specialty selects various detection instruments and control valves, determines the signal transmission method and signal loop, and designs an automatic control system. The instrumentation and electrical specialties need to cooperate closely to ensure reliable power supply and minimal signal interference.

Relevant Standards:

• SH/T3038-2017 "Technical Code for Electrical Design of Production Units in Petrochemical Enterprises"

• HG/T22820-2024 "Code for Engineering Design of Chemical Safety Instrumentation Systems"

   

III. Design Review

After each specialty completes the design, the head of each specialty and the project management personnel review all design documents. The review checks whether the design meets the project requirements, whether the various specialties are coordinated, and whether the relevant specifications and standards are met. For the problems found, each specialty promptly modifies and optimizes, and perfects the design documents.